Гипертоническая ретинопатия

Hypertensive retinopathy is the most common ocular presentation of hypertension. The arteriosclerotic changes of hypertensive retinopathy are caused by chronically elevated blood pressure. Hypertensive retinopathy includes 2 disease processes; the acute and chronic effects. The acute effect of systemic arterial hypertension are a result of vasospasm to autoregulate perfusion. The chronic effects of hypertension are caused by arteriosclerosis and predispose patients to visual loss from complications of vascular occlusions or macroaneurysms.

• Hypertensive retinopathy
• Hypertensive Retinopathy, Stage 0
• Hypertensive Retinopathy, Stage 1, mild arteriolar narrowing, broadening of arteriolar light reflex
• Hypertensive Retinopathy, Stage 2, focal arteriolar narrowing, marked generalised arteriolar narrowing, arteriovenous nicking, opacity, “copper wiring” of arteriolar wall, or a combination of these signs
• Hypertensive Retinopathy, Stage 3, Haemorrhage, blot, dot, or flame-shaped, microaneurysm, cotton-wool spot, hard exudate, or combination of these signs
• Hypertensive Retinopathy, Stage 4, Signs of stage 3 retinopathy plus swelling of the optic disk